The stimulus for this second edition was the very positive feedback we received for the first
edition from nursing students, nurse lecturers and clinical nurses. It helped that the publishers
were extremely keen on an updated version being produced. Initially, there was some
reluctance on our part because we felt that the first book had dealt with the subject matter
very thoroughly. However, on reflection we realised that in the intervening years there had
been a growth in discussion and debate about nursing theory. A preface to a later edition of a
book should set out to explain in what respects that edition differs from the previous one.
There are a number of differences. Fiona Murphy and Majda Pajnkihar have joined the team
and they bring with them new insights into how theory can inform nursing practice and
research and how this, in turn, improves the quality and safety of patient care. The literature
has been updated considerably and we have taken account of developments outside the USA
and the UK. In particular, Majda provides information on how nursing theories are being taught
and used in Slovenia, Croatia, Russia and Poland. Readers will also find that we have included
more exercises. These include key concept boxes, reflective exercises, multiple choice questions,
true/false questions, additional reading sources and a number of case studies.
Therefore, for these reasons and many others, we believe that this new edition is a
considerable
improvement on the previous book. It still takes the reader on a journey, from
presenting the case for the use of theory in nursing practice through to considering the extent
to which practice influences the development of theory, the definitions of theory and the
different
types of theory. We illustrate for readers the fact that theory is linked to science and
why this is important for the profession of nursing. We spend a considerable amount of time
outlining the different ways in which nurses know and the role of research and reasoning in
building nursing knowledge.
One of the main movements for the profession worldwide is the emergence of new nursing
roles. We show how such roles are linked to theories and we highlight the importance of ‘role
theory’. We describe how grand nursing theories have evolved and the importance of
mid-
range and practice theories for guiding patient care. We unravel the often controversial
relationship between nursing theories and nursing models, and examine these terms in
detail and compare and contrast them, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages.
We show how the biomedical model has influenced nurse education, practice and
research over the years, and not always for the benefit of nursing.
We make a case for nursing being mainly about building and sustaining interpersonal
relationships
with patients, their families and communities. Several nursing theories have
their roots in such relationships. We share a number of these with the readers, explaining
Hildegard Peplau’s theory in considerable detail. We consider the differences between a normal
interpersonal
relationship and a therapeutic interpersonal relationship, stressing
that practising nurses use both. We also outline the actual and potential barriers to the development
of therapeutic interpersonal relationships.
Selecting an unsuitable theory can have a detrimental effect on patient care, and when this
happens nurses are often reluctant to admit it and they try to mould the patient’s needs to fit
the theory rather than moulding the theory to fit the patient’s needs! Conversely, we believe
that a theory that is appropriate for practice will benefit patients and improve the working
practices and morale of nurses. Therefore, choosing an appropriate theory to underpin nursing
practice or nurse education needs a great deal of thought. We discuss 12 different criteria
that can be used to help readers select a nursing theory for practice.
Since the first edition of this book, there has been a great deal written about evidencebased
practice. We believe that no reasonable nurse would argue that an important part of
every clinical nurse’s role is to ensure their practice is informed by the best available evidence.
We show the link between theory and research and best evidence. We discuss how
theory is generated by research, tested by research and evaluated by research. We also
highlight how theory can help to shape a research study.
Every day in clinical practice, nurses are exposed to phenomena that influence patient
care. Sometimes such phenomena are ignored because they seem commonplace or unimportant.
We guide the readers through the process of identifying these phenomena, naming
them and finding relationships between them. This provides an insight into how readers can
construct a nursing theory.
Finally, we highlight how the worth of a theory is ascertained. The characteristics of a good
theory are reviewed and these are presented as the basis for evaluating and analysing nursing
theory. The particular place of testing a theory is considered, and the relationship between
theory evaluation and theory testing is clarified.
We hope you enjoy reading this textbook as much as we have enjoyed writing it. We anticipate
that it will open up new and interesting perspectives in your thinking about nursing
theories and how they can be used to increase the knowledge base for the profession and
enhance clinical practice.
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Book Name
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Fundamentals of Nursing Models,
Theories and Practice
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Author
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Hughe p Meckena Majida Pajinkihar and Fiona A.Murphy
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Language
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English
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Format
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PDF
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Size
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2.68 MB
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Pages
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245
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